without

English dictionary entry

Meanings

adv
  1. Outside, externally.
  2. Lacking something; failing.
  3. Without a condom being worn.
prep
  1. Outside of, beyond.
  2. Not having, containing, characteristic of, etc.
  3. Not doing or not having done something.
conj
  1. Unless, except (introducing a clause).

Pronunciation

/wɪðˈaʊt/ /wɪθˈaʊt/ /wɪˈθaʊt/ /wɪˈðaʊt/ en-us-without.ogg [wɪθˈɐʊ̯t] [wɪðˈɐʊ̯t] [-əu̯t] [-ʌʊ̯t] en-ca-without.ogg [wɪθˈɛʊ̯t] [wɪɾ̥ˈəu̯t]

Word forms

without withoute wythoute wythowt wythowte

Etymology

From Middle English withoute, withouten, from Old English wiþūtan (literally “against the outside of”). Compare Dutch buiten (“outside of, without”), Danish uden (“without”), Swedish utan (“without”), Norwegian uten (“without”). By surface analysis, with- + out. Superseded non-native Middle English sauns, sans (“without”), from Old French sans, sanz, senz (“without”). Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”) (<+ Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs (“out”)).

Synonyms

Antonyms

within with having characteristic of endowed with including
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