without
Meanings
adv
- Outside, externally.
- Lacking something; failing.
- Without a condom being worn.
prep
- Outside of, beyond.
- Not having, containing, characteristic of, etc.
- Not doing or not having done something.
conj
- Unless, except (introducing a clause).
Pronunciation
Word forms
Etymology
From Middle English withoute, withouten, from Old English wiþūtan (literally “against the outside of”). Compare Dutch buiten (“outside of, without”), Danish uden (“without”), Swedish utan (“without”), Norwegian uten (“without”). By surface analysis, with- + out. Superseded non-native Middle English sauns, sans (“without”), from Old French sans, sanz, senz (“without”). Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”) (<+ Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs (“out”)).
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived words
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