English Explanatory Dictionary

shock

English dictionary entry

Meanings

noun
  1. A sudden, heavy impact.
  2. Something so surprising that it is stunning.
  3. A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.
  4. Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
  5. A state of distress following a mental or emotional disturbance, often caused by news or other stimuli.
  6. Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
  7. A shock wave.
  8. A shock absorber (typically in the suspension of a vehicle).
  9. A discontinuity arising in the solution of a partial differential equation.
  10. A chemical added to a swimming pool to moderate the chlorine levels.
adj
  1. Causing intense surprise, horror, etc.; unexpected and shocking.
verb
  1. To cause to be emotionally shocked; to cause (someone) to feel greatly surprised or upset.
  2. To strike with disgust, to offend, scandalize.
  3. To give an electric shock to.
  4. To subject to a shock wave or violent impact.
  5. To meet with a shock; to collide in a violent encounter.
  6. To add a chemical to (a swimming pool) to moderate the chlorine levels.
  7. To deform the crystal structure of a stone by the application of extremely high pressure at moderate temperature, as produced only by hypervelocity impact events, lightning strikes, and nuclear explosions.
noun
  1. An arrangement of sheaves for drying; a stook.
  2. A lot consisting of sixty pieces; a term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.
  3. A tuft or bunch of something, such as hair or grass.
  4. A small dog with long shaggy hair, especially a poodle or spitz; a shaggy lapdog.
verb
  1. To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook.
name
  1. A surname.

Pronunciation

/ʃɒk/ /ʃɔk/ /ʃɑk/ en-us-shock.ogg

Word forms

shock shocks choque shocking shocked

Etymology

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake. Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). Doublet of shog.

Synonyms

amazement astonishment awe bewilderment flabbergast flabbergastation flabbergastment shock stupefaction surprise shatter mop

Derived words

accretion shock acoustic shock aftershock after-shock anaphylactic shock antishock anti-shock anti-shock body bottle-shock bow shock cardiogenic shock China shock circulatory shock cold shock response countershock cryoshock cultural shock culture shock current shock dengue shock syndrome downshock earthshock economic shock electric shock electroshock footshock foreshock future shock heat shock heat shock protein hypovolemic shock insulin shock therapy intershock macroshock mainshock microshock midshock neurogenic shock Nixon shock nonshock oblique shock ontological shock osmoshock photoshock postshock preshock re-entry shock return shock reverse culture shock septic shock shell shock shell-shock shock absorber shock absorption shock and awe shock collar shock diamond shockee shockeroo shockfic

Translations

Arabic: صَدْمَة Belarusian: уда́р Bengali: সদমা Bulgarian: у́дар Bulgarian: сблъ́скване Catalan: xoc Chinese Mandarin: 衝擊 /冲击 Czech: náraz Czech: šok Dutch: schok Dutch: shock Finnish: isku Finnish: jytky French: choc French: choc émotionnel Greek: κλονισμός Greek: κραδασμός Higaonon: nakalitan Hindi: झटका Indonesian: syok Indonesian: kejutan Japanese: 衝撃 Korean: 충격 Latin: impulsus Māori: rutunga Māori: whētuki Polish: wstrząs Portuguese: choque Portuguese: choque emocional Russian: уда́р Spanish: choque Spanish: conmoción Spanish: impresión Spanish: estupor Spanish: shock (shok) Spanish: pasmo Spanish: anonadación Spanish: anonadamiento Spanish: sobresalto Swedish: chock Swedish: skräll Turkish: şok Ukrainian: уда́р Ukrainian: шок Ukrainian: потрясі́ння Vietnamese: choáng Vietnamese: ngạc nhiên Vietnamese: bất ngờ Esperanto: ŝoko Irish: suaitheadh intinne Italian: trauma Italian: trauma emotivo
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