About text case formats
Each of the 12 supported formats has its own use cases — from headlines and variables to URLs and constants. Below is a brief description of each with an example and typical scenarios.
UPPER CASE
All letters capitalized — the loudest format. Used in headlines for emphasis, in acronyms (NASA, USB), and traditionally for SQL keywords.
Example: HELLO WORLD
lower case
All letters lowercased. The base format for most text, Unix-style filenames, and HTML tags. Often used as a first normalization step before another transformation.
Example: hello world
Title Case
Every significant word capitalized. Standard for book and article titles in English (usually excluding short function words: a, an, the, of, in).
Example: Hello World
Sentence case
Only the first letter of a sentence is capitalized, as in regular prose. The rest stays lowercase, except for proper nouns. Useful for cleaning up logs or machine-generated text.
Example: Hello world. This is a sentence.
camelCase
First word lowercased, subsequent words capitalized, no separators. Standard for variable and function names in JavaScript, Java, Swift, Kotlin.
Example: getUserName
PascalCase
Each word capitalized, no separators. Used for class names in C#, .NET, React component names, and TypeScript types.
Example: UserController
snake_case
Words separated by underscores, all lowercase. Standard for variables and functions in Python and Ruby, SQL column names, and JSON keys in many APIs.
Example: get_user_name
kebab-case
Words separated by hyphens, all lowercase. Used in URL segments, CSS classes (.my-button), HTML attributes (data-user-id), and public npm package names.
Example: get-user-name
CONSTANT_CASE
All caps with underscore separators. Convention for constants in C, Java, Python and for environment variable names (DATABASE_URL, API_KEY).
Example: MAX_RETRY_COUNT
dot.case
Words separated by dots. Used in namespace notation (Java packages: com.example.app), config keys (app.database.host), and i18n keys for localization.
Example: app.config.database
iNVERSE cASE
Inverts case: uppercase becomes lowercase and vice versa. A decorative/visual effect, not used in code or technical contexts.
Example: hELLO wORLD
aLtErNaTiNg
Alternates case per character. Common in internet memes for sarcastic tone (the "mocking SpongeBob" meme). Not used in code.
Example: hElLo WoRlD