English Explanatory Dictionary

summer

English dictionary entry

Meanings

noun
  1. One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as spanning either the period between the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox, or the months of June, July, and August in the Northern Hemisphere and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.
  2. year; used to give the age of a person, usually a young one.
  3. Most flourishing, happy, or beautiful period; golden age, prime.
  4. Someone with light, pinkish skin that has a blue undertone, light hair and eyes, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
verb
  1. To spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday.
noun
  1. A horizontal beam supporting a building.
  2. A pack-horse.
noun
  1. A person who sums.
  2. A machine or algorithm that sums.
name
  1. A female given name from English of modern usage, from summer, the name of the season, often given to girls born in summer.
  2. A surname.
  3. Alternative letter-case form of summer.

Pronunciation

/ˈsʌmə/ [ˈsʌmə] /ˈsʌmɚ/ [ˈsʌmɚ] ~ [ˈsʌmɹ̩] en-us-summer.ogg

Word forms

summer summers somer sommer summering summered Simmer

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂- Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der. Proto-Germanic *sumaraz Proto-West Germanic *sumar Old English sumor Middle English somer English summer From Middle English somer, sumer, from Old English sumor m, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar m, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz m, derived from Proto-Indo-European *semh₂- (“summer”). Cognates Cognate with Scots somer, sumer, simer, West Frisian simmer, Saterland Frisian Suumer, Dutch zomer, Low German Sommer, German Sommer, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål sommer, Swedish sommar, Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic sumar; Welsh haf, Armenian ամ (am, “year”), ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Sanskrit समा (sámā, “a half-year, season, weather, year”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham-), Middle Persian ḥʾmyn (hāmīn), Northern Kurdish havîn, Central Kurdish ھاوین (hawîn).

Synonyms

summerbeam summertree totaller

Antonyms

winter

Related words

æstival aestival estival adder

Derived words

aftersummer All-Hallown Summer apple summer disease boys of summer dog days of summer double summer time farewell-summer foresummer go-summer Great Summer Army have but a mile to midsummer high summer hot girl summer Hutchinson's summer prurigo summer prurigo of Hutchinson Indian summer Israel Summer Time little summer of St. Luke little summer of St Luke Martinmas summer midsummer net summer capability nonsummer nuclear summer old wives' summer one swallow does not a summer make one swallow does not make a summer one swallow doesn't a summer make one swallow doesn't make a summer oversummer polar mesospheric summer echoes presummer Red Summer Revolution Summer Russian spring-summer encephalitis Saint Luke's little summer Saint Luke's summer St Luke's little summer St Luke's summer Saint Martin's summer St Martin's summer snow-in-summer song of the summer sprummer St. Luke's summer St. Martin's summer summarisation summer-ale summer and winter summer annual Summer Archbishop's Palace Summer Archiepiscopal Palace summer associate summer asthma summer-barm summer bird summer bleeding summer-blink summer blues summer boarder
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